TEXTILES

• Natural and synthetic fibres can be woven to make a variety of textiles.
• Natural fibres may come from animal sources (wool, sik), plant sources (cotton, linen, esparto, bamboo) and mineral sources (god, silver and copper fibres)
• Synthetic fibres, such as mylon, polyester, rayon and Lycra, are plastic materials.

         

                     

                              MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES

• Modifications techniques use tools and machines to make changes to prefabricated materials, such as sheets, bars or mouldings.
• Examples of these techniques include: measuring→marking→cutting→drilling→filing and sanding→joining
• You must always pay special attention to health and safety rules

PLASTING FORMING TECHNIQUES

• Various industrial techniques can be used to manufacture plastic products such as: extrusion, calendering, vacuum forming and moulding.
• The main techniques for using molds are as follows: blow moulding, injection moulding and compression moulding.

THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLASTICS

• Thermoplastics are usually made from petroleum products. The most common thermoplastics are:

1. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
2. High-density polyethylene
3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
4. Low-density polyethylene
5. Polypropylene
6. Moulced polystyrene
7. Expanded polystyrene or Styrofoam

• Thermosetting plastics are made from petroleum products. They include:

1. Polyurethane
2. Bakelite
3. Melamine
4. Polyester reisns

• Typical elastomers includ rubber and neoprene

PLASTIC MATERIALS

• Plastics consist of long chains of atoms wich are mostly composed of carbon.
• Plastics can be classified into natural and synthetic plastics.
• The process of manufacturing plastic is called polymerisation.
• Plastic material are resistant, insulating ( against electricity, heat and sound), ductile, malleable, impermeable and light.
• There are three types of plastic recycling processes: chemical and mechanical recycling and energy recovery.

ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL SYSTEM
An electromagnetic control system activates the various parts of a machine, at the right moment and for the right amount of time, ensuring that the machine functions properly.
Electromagnetic control systems often use cams and limit switches.

CAM SWITCH CONTROLLER
A camshaft is a cylindrical device with protrusions that make contact with other devices in order to activate or desactivate them.
The shape of a cam allows us to  control the moment and duration of an activity, such us the running of a motor or the illumination of a light bulb.

LIMIT SWITCHES
A limit switch detects when preassure is being applied to it. There are two types of limit switch: NORMALLY CLOSED (N/C) and NORMALLY OPENED (N/O)